A logo projector, also known as a gobo projector, works by projecting a customized image or pattern onto a surface using light. Here's a basic rundown of how it operates:

1. **Light Source**: The projector typically utilizes a high-intensity light source, such as an LED or halogen lamp, to produce a bright beam of light.
2. **Gobo**: A gobo is a small, metal or glass disc with a pattern or logo etched or printed on it. The term "gobo" stands for "Goes Before Optics" or "Goes Between Optics," referring to its placement within the projector. The gobo is inserted into the projector's optical path.
3. **Lens System**: The projector includes a lens system that focuses and projects the light onto a surface. This system ensures that the image from the gobo is sharp and clear.
4. **Optical Elements**: Depending on the specific design of the projector, there may be additional optical elements such as mirrors or lenses to manipulate the light and control the size, shape, and focus of the projected image.
5. **Control Mechanisms**: Some logo projectors offer features for adjusting the size, focus, and intensity of the projected image. They may also include mechanisms for rotating or moving the gobo to create dynamic effects.
6. **Placement**: The projector is typically mounted on a stand or attached to a surface in a location where it can effectively project the image onto a desired surface, such as a wall, floor, or ceiling.
7. **Power Supply and Control**: The projector requires a power source to operate, as well as controls for turning it on/off, adjusting settings, and selecting different gobos if applicable.

Overall, a logo projector combines light, optics, and customizable gobos to project images or patterns with precision and clarity onto various surfaces for branding, advertising, or decorative purposes.